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Montessori methods of education and their application in teaching science
Linhartová, Eliška ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Anna (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis focuses on the importance of nature in the pedagogy of Marie Montessori. It points out the importance of using appropriate selected tools and the application of teaching techniques of Marie Montessori. It also focuses on the secondary education reform plan and provides examples of activities for students aged 12 to 18. In the practical part the tool inspired by Montessori pedagogy called Stromové pexeso was created. The tool is used for identifying tree species. The tool offers many ways how to use it. The methodology of working with the tool was verified in practice at the 2nd level of primary school and vocational school. The purpose was to find out the practical use of the tool and whether its using can affect the better memorization of the subject matter. The most students appreciated the use of the tool and it was discovered that playing with toll has a positive effect on memorizing the subject matter.
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Ability to self-regulate social networking sites usage and its relationship to feelings of loneliness and life satisfaction
Nekola, Adam ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
This master thesis is in theoretical part focusing on the term of self-regulation according to Albert Bandura's theory (1991) and its domains of self-monitoring, self-judgement and self-reaction. Next we define its stand against terms such as addiction and habit, in case of low ability of one's regulation. Thanks to analysis of mainly foreign resources we oriented the work to explanation of relationship between self-regulation and loneliness and life satisfaction. These resources are chosen for their historical consistency and contemporary application, especially in domains of media and online environment. In empirical segment of thesis we are proposing our own questionnaire measuring our ability to self-regulate Facebook usage (SRQ-FB), inspired by original theory of Brown et al. (1999) and Czech translation of their questionnaire, translated and tested by Jakešová et al. (2015). Next we tested hypotheses based on assumption of relationship existence between score of our questionnaire (SRQ-FB) and score of loneliness (measured by UCLA Loneliness Scale; Russell et al., 1980) and life satisfaction score (SWLS - Satisfaction With Life Scale; Diener et al., 1984). Research sample consisted of two nation-based groups: Slovak (N = 168) and Czech (N = 21), which differed significantly in achieved score...
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Irrational Behaviour
Vlach, Tomáš ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This thesis questions the notion of rationally behaving individuals as an as- sumption of microeconomic and macroeconomic models. Its goal is to show that foundations on which the modern economics is built are not so much solid. Selected topics are discussed theoretically and subsequently confirmed empir- ically by existing research studies. Afterwards, they are extended by related findings and potential implications for human behaviour. The thesis contains examples of irrational behaviour in which it is possible to behave rationally as well as examples in which it is very difficult to do so. The results imply that irrationality is present in many different domains. Because the assumption of rationality is repeatedly violated, economic models are not able to properly describe and predict human behaviour. Keywords Irrationality; opportunity costs; loss aversion; self-control; procrastination; cognitive illusions Author's e-mail tvlach92@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail koubek@fsv.cuni.cz
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Self-control: disentanling inhibition and initiation
Kucharský, Šimon ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
Self-control is usually defined as a unit in a regulatory cycle process. As such, it can be used for inhibition of urgent need or overriding impulsive responses, but it can also mean that person can engage in a behavior which is aversive at the moment. Contemporary the most influential is strength model of self-control that envisages one general and limited source of energy for every act of self-control. According to this model, after depleting this energy, one's ability to control his or her behavior or thought is impaired, even in domains that does not relate to the cause of the depletion. However, there has been substantial criticism of this model recently - regarding theoretical implausibility, possible bias in literature (or even manipulated results) and also growing body of evidence that is not in line with the model. Because of that, there are attempts to alter or dismiss the model. One of the possible updates is distinguishing between two domains of self-control (inhibition and initiation). This thesis overviews body of recent findings about self-control and proposes experimental design which could serve to verify hypothesis of existence of two independent domain of self- control. Limits of this approach and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: Self-control, ego...
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Student self-control as an educational topic: the issue of measurement using self-report questionnaires
Papajoanu, Ondřej ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Vališová, Alena (referee) ; Štípek, Jiří (referee)
Self-control is a key non-cognitive skill, which is frequently measured using self-report questionnaires containing items with rating scales. Such data, however, can be hindered by the differences in scale usage among respondents. This may lead to erroneous conclusions when comparing different groups of respondents. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the differences in self-control among students from different Czech upper-secondary schools based on their (unadjusted) self-reports and self-reports adjusted for the differences in scale usage using the anchoring vignette method. The empirical part of the thesis comprises two studies. In the first (pilot) study, we translate a scale to measure self-control, create anchoring vignettes and focus on the verification of the method's basic assumptions using the data from questionnaires and interviews with students. In the second (main) study, we compare the (un-)adjusted self-reports of self-control and the assessment of the vignettes between students from the selected upper- secondary schools of a different type in Prague (N = 312). We found differences in evaluation standards between students from different types of schools. Differences in scale usage among respondents indeed represent a real threat when comparing student self-reports of self-control....
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Ability to self-regulate social networking sites usage and its relationship to feelings of loneliness and life satisfaction
Nekola, Adam ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
This master thesis is in theoretical part focusing on the term of self-regulation according to Albert Bandura's theory (1991) and its domains of self-monitoring, self-judgement and self-reaction. Next we define its stand against terms such as addiction and habit, in case of low ability of one's regulation. Thanks to analysis of mainly foreign resources we oriented the work to explanation of relationship between self-regulation and loneliness and life satisfaction. These resources are chosen for their historical consistency and contemporary application, especially in domains of media and online environment. In empirical segment of thesis we are proposing our own questionnaire measuring our ability to self-regulate Facebook usage (SRQ-FB), inspired by original theory of Brown et al. (1999) and Czech translation of their questionnaire, translated and tested by Jakešová et al. (2015). Next we tested hypotheses based on assumption of relationship existence between score of our questionnaire (SRQ-FB) and score of loneliness (measured by UCLA Loneliness Scale; Russell et al., 1980) and life satisfaction score (SWLS - Satisfaction With Life Scale; Diener et al., 1984). Research sample consisted of two nation-based groups: Slovak (N = 168) and Czech (N = 21), which differed significantly in achieved score...
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Self-control: disentanling inhibition and initiation
Kucharský, Šimon ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
Self-control is usually defined as a unit in a regulatory cycle process. As such, it can be used for inhibition of urgent need or overriding impulsive responses, but it can also mean that person can engage in a behavior which is aversive at the moment. Contemporary the most influential is strength model of self-control that envisages one general and limited source of energy for every act of self-control. According to this model, after depleting this energy, one's ability to control his or her behavior or thought is impaired, even in domains that does not relate to the cause of the depletion. However, there has been substantial criticism of this model recently - regarding theoretical implausibility, possible bias in literature (or even manipulated results) and also growing body of evidence that is not in line with the model. Because of that, there are attempts to alter or dismiss the model. One of the possible updates is distinguishing between two domains of self-control (inhibition and initiation). This thesis overviews body of recent findings about self-control and proposes experimental design which could serve to verify hypothesis of existence of two independent domain of self- control. Limits of this approach and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: Self-control, ego...
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Irrational Behaviour
Vlach, Tomáš ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This thesis questions the notion of rationally behaving individuals as an as- sumption of microeconomic and macroeconomic models. Its goal is to show that foundations on which the modern economics is built are not so much solid. Selected topics are discussed theoretically and subsequently confirmed empir- ically by existing research studies. Afterwards, they are extended by related findings and potential implications for human behaviour. The thesis contains examples of irrational behaviour in which it is possible to behave rationally as well as examples in which it is very difficult to do so. The results imply that irrationality is present in many different domains. Because the assumption of rationality is repeatedly violated, economic models are not able to properly describe and predict human behaviour. Keywords Irrationality; opportunity costs; loss aversion; self-control; procrastination; cognitive illusions Author's e-mail tvlach92@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail koubek@fsv.cuni.cz
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Will-traits and self-education of students
Kačena, Petr ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with volition, will traits and self-education of students. Volition is understood as a synthetic function of personality, evolutionary highest function of self-regulation and a limited cognitive source. Will traits are considered an outer manifestation of will, self-education (especially its Czech equivalent) is considered an outdated term that is being replaced by similar topics of research such as procrastination. Several philosophical and psychological concepts of will and self-regulation are outlined. Author concieves much of them similar, suggesting emotional, impulsive system (thymos, id, hot system) is usually put opposite to a rational system (logos, ego, cool system). Succesful self-regulation is therefore based on an ability to master the emomotional, hot system. Another part of the paper deals specifically with self-education and variables that are affecting it (individual traits, motives, time and stress, role of a teacher and group). Several methods of self-education are described: self-discovery, formulation of educational goals, precommitment, implementation intention, creating of a habit, reaching flow. The paper ends with a research proposal, that would measure individual differences of students in terms of personality traits (especially self-control and...
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